Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is typically associated with the winter period with cold temperatures and less sunlight, but the summer may also be a cause individuals to experience a lesser known variant. Summer SAD is a condition where individuals experience depressive episodes specifically during the warmer months.
The Science of Summer SAD
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression that follows a seasonal pattern, typically manifesting in the winter when daylight hours are shorter. However, about 10% of SAD cases occur in the summer months. This reverse seasonal pattern suggests that factors other than the absence of sunlight play a role in this form of depression.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the precise cause of SAD is not entirely understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of biological and psychological factors. In the case of summer SAD, the extended daylight, heat, and humidity are thought to disrupt the individual’s circadian rhythm, body’s internal clock, affecting mood-regulating chemicals in the brain such as serotonin and melatonin.
Symptoms and Triggers
The symptoms of summertime depression can be quite distinct from those of winter SAD. Individuals with summer SAD may experience insomnia, loss of appetite, weight loss, and increased anxiety. Other symptoms of summer SAD are aggression, agitation or irritability. These symptoms contrast with winter SAD, where hypersomnia (excessive sleeping), increased appetite, and weight gain are more common.
The triggers for summertime depression can include the stress of heightened social activities, disrupted schedules, and the pressure to feel happy and active. Some medications may also cause dehydration and overheating. For some, the intense heat and long daylight hours can lead to feelings of agitation and restlessness. Unlike winter SAD, where light therapy is a common treatment, managing summer SAD might involve strategies to keep cool, maintain a regular sleep schedule, and moderate exposure to bright light during peak hours.
Coping Strategies
Navigating summertime depression involves a multi-faceted approach. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven effective in treating SAD by helping individuals modify negative thought patterns and behaviors. Engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, and establishing a consistent sleep routine are also beneficial practices.
For those who find the heat overwhelming, wearing cool fabrics, hydrating, staying indoors during the hottest parts of the day and cooling off with fans or AC can provide relief. Wearing sunglasses and avoiding excessive light exposure can help regulate melatonin production, aiding in better sleep patterns.
While the warm, sunny days of summer are a delight for many, they can be a source of distress for those affected by summertime depression. Understanding the unique triggers and symptoms of this condition is essential for developing effective coping strategies and improving overall well-being.
